THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BILINGUALISM: INTEGRATION OF COGNITIVE, PSYCHOLINGUISTIC, AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACHES

Abstract

This article provides an integrated analysis of the phenomenon of bilingualism from cognitive, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic perspectives. The aim is to achieve a deeper understanding of bilingualism at the levels of the individual, language, and society by synthesizing theoretical approaches. The results of the study show that bilingualism is not merely knowledge of a language but also supports cognitive flexibility in the brain, psycholinguistic processes, and the creation of a multifaceted language–culture environment in society. Additionally, the article highlights both the advantages and potential limitations of multilingualism, providing practical recommendations for language policy, pedagogy, and social sciences