THE ROLE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NEW TECHNOLOGIES (IoT, Blockchain, 5G, 6G, Cloud and Fog Computing)

Abstract

Cryptography plays a central role in ensuring the security, confidentiality, and integrity of data in modern and future technological systems. With the development of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, 5G, 6G, cloud computing, and fog computing, cryptography faces new challenges related to scalability, mobility, and the processing of enormous volumes of data. In IoT, cryptographic methods are required to protect data transmitted between billions of connected devices with limited computing power. In blockchain systems, cryptography ensures data immutability and transaction security in decentralized environments. In 5G and 6G networks, cryptography is used to protect traffic and to preserve the confidentiality and integrity of information transmitted under conditions of high speed and high device density. In cloud and fog computing, cryptography protects both data and computing resources, ensuring secure access and reliable data processing in distributed environments. This article examines cryptographic solutions used to protect data and systems in the context of emerging technologies. It also highlights current challenges and the future development of cryptographic methods that will help ensure security in a rapidly changing digital world