COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NOMINAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

Abstract

This article presents a comparative analysis of nominal phraseological units (NPUs), examining their structural, semantic, and linguo-cultural characteristics across different linguistic systems. NPUs, defined as multi-word fixed expressions that function syntactically as nouns, serve as a primary vehicle for encoding cultural heritage and collective experience.The study employs a typological and contrastive methodology to investigate the degrees of equivalence between source and target languages—ranging from full structural and semantic congruence to phraseological lacunae (non-equivalence). Key findings indicate that while internationalisms (derived from biblical, mythological, or historical sources) provide a stable layer of universal equivalents, language-specific NPUs diverge significantly based on national "realia," such as local fauna, flora, and historical traditions.The analysis further highlights the structural divergence between synthetic languages (which favor compounding and inflection) and analytical languages (which rely on prepositional constructions). Ultimately, the article argues that the comparative study of NPUs is essential not only for translation studies and lexicography but also for understanding the unique "linguistic picture of the world" inherent in every speech community