CHALLENGES IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO ESL STUDENTS

Abstract

Teaching English to speakers of other languages (ESL) presents a multifaceted set of challenges that educators encounter at every level of instruction. This article examines the principal difficulties that arise in ESL classrooms, including linguistic barriers, methodological constraints, assessment challenges, and the growing influence of technology and artificial intelligence on pedagogical practice. Drawing on a range of scholarly perspectives and current research, the article argues that effective ESL instruction requires an integrated approach that combines innovative methods, criterion-based assessment, and a deep understanding of learners' sociocultural and cognitive backgrounds. Implications for teacher training and curriculum design at Central Asian institutions, with particular reference to Uzbekistan, are also discussed